The Knowledge That We Value the Most Is the Knowledge for Which We Can Provide the Strongest Justifications.” to What Extent Would You Agree with This Claim Essay Example

The Knowledge That We Value the Most Is the Knowledge for Which We Can Provide the Strongest Justifications.† to What Extent Would You Agree with This Claim? Paper According to Plato, for one to know a proposition, one must be justified in knowing the proposition is true, the proposition must be true and one must believe in the proposition (Woolman 2000). Much of what we know and value, is justified through strong and solid reasoning and proof, such as Mathematical and scientific formulas; but a lot of significant knowledge which is believed in and seen of great importance, cannot be proven in the same way, and is justified in a very different manner. For example, one’s belief in God is justified mainly through faith and to some extent tradition. Historical interpretations are justified through a mixture of rational facts, but also involve a lot of guess work and hypothesis. So is the knowledge justified by strong and solid reasoning and ‘proof’ valued more? In my opinion the correctness of this claim depends on the area of knowledge and way of knowing. Strong justification in my opinion is different in different subject areas. In maths and science, I am only prepared to accept knowledge with strong logical and empirical proofs. In other areas, such as my faith in God, that type of justification is irrelevant and meaningless. Faith is the basis of my belief that there is a God. Mathematics is the one area of knowledge where I think the most valued knowledge is that for which we can provide the strongest rational, logical, reasoned justifications. The explanation behind this is that for mathematics, the main way of knowing is reason, and minimal sense perception, language or emotion is involved. We will write a custom essay sample on The Knowledge That We Value the Most Is the Knowledge for Which We Can Provide the Strongest Justifications.† to What Extent Would You Agree with This Claim? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Knowledge That We Value the Most Is the Knowledge for Which We Can Provide the Strongest Justifications.† to What Extent Would You Agree with This Claim? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Knowledge That We Value the Most Is the Knowledge for Which We Can Provide the Strongest Justifications.† to What Extent Would You Agree with This Claim? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Mathematicians try to keep other ways of knowing down to a minimal to try to avoid ambiguity and uncertainty. A great example is Fermat’s last theorem, where even though everyone had assumed the theorem was correct, it could not be proven, therefore was not valued as much, which was shown by the small number of theorems based upon Fermat’s theorem. After a long process of reasoning a mathematician called Andrew Wilds was able to justify the theorem, after which other theorems were able to be based on Fermat’s last theorem- showing how its value increased. This example through the 7-year ‘struggle’ Andrew Wilds went through, showed even though mathematics is based on ‘proof’ and reason, the mathematicians are humans, therefore the mathematical challenges they face have a lot emotion and connections to them, increasing the value of the knowledge they find through challenges. Areas of knowledge such as Ethics have very little reasoned ‘proof’, and justify their knowledge more through faith, belief, conscience and empathy. This is because hardly anything in these areas of knowing can be proven exactly, instead the knowledge relates more to ones emotions, beliefs and faith- which helps explain why there are so many ambiguities and clashes of what knowledge is correct or more valuable. An example of this is Islamic Extremists (terrorists) who naively believe killing innocent people, who are supposedly ‘enemies of god’, will guarantee them going to heaven. The majority of the world, including most Muslims disagree with these extremist ideas, but the extremists’ faith has lead them to believe what they are doing is right. I myself am a religious person, and without a doubt believe that there is a superior power among us, known as God and have. Even though this cannot be scientifically proven, I have a religious assurance, belief and faith that God exists. Faith is a unique and powerful way of knowing, lead by emotion. One’s faith and the knowledge reasoned by this faith cannot be rationally justified, but a lot of the time this is the most valued knowledge. Another example where faith justified ones knowledge was in medieval times, when people prosecuted several innocent people as witches, predicted their future by looking at inside animals and believed Kings were naturally chosen by God. All of this knowledge had no justifications, but were purely backed up by faith, yet they were valued to extreme extents. History and ethics are very similar, but the main difference is that with History there’s more rational justification, and more willingness to change. The presence of belief and tradition is shown through how history books in various countries change. The presence of rational justification is shown through how some facts in history never change, for example Britain ruled over Tanzania, and then Tanzania got its independence in 1962. This will not change, no matter where the history textbook is made, showing how even though a lot of historic knowledge is justified through tradition and belief; a lot of history is also justified with rational justifications, backed up with facts. In some areas of knowledge where knowledge is justified through a mixture of both strong proven justifications; and faith, belief and emotion related justifications. These areas are similar to History, but have more rationally justified knowledge. These areas of knowledge include: social sciences and to some extent natural science. For these areas valued knowledge is usually proven and logically justified, but in addition emotion, faith and belief also play a big role. An example of a such a social science is Economics, where most of the theory is justified through strong reason; but several aspects also involve emotion and beliefs, for example if government intervention is good, is it okay to have big wealth inequalities and what type and amount of taxes are acceptable? For natural sciences, a lot more rational justification is involved, but it’s also connected to some emotion, tradition and belief. For example in physics, there was a big dispute between scientists whether light travelled in the form of waves of particles, both theories were rationally justified through experiments and calculations; but which theory to believe depended on one’s belief. Later it was discovered light travels, as both waves and particles. There is some knowledge which may contradict all justification, this is a very rare, but it is possible. An area where such a scenario might take place is in Fine art or Music. For example an art piece drawn by a student is criticized for its un-realistic colors, shapes of objects and lack of creativity, therefore receives a bad grade. Most people including artists would agree that the art piece is poor; but some might argue in the contrary that the piece is beautiful and original (i. . Picasso’s paintings were criticized at first). These people might be able to justify through artistic skills that the piece is not great, but they still might love it- showing how their most justified knowledge is not valued at all, but is contradicted. Similarly to fine art or music, is conscience. Our conscience tells us what’s right and wrong and helps us ‘correctly’ solve our moral issues. A lot of the time it is described as â€Å"a reflection of the voice of God†. This is similar to fine art or music, because even though sometimes through our conscience we have justified knowledge of what’s right and wrong, we don’t value and contradict this knowledge. For example most thieves know they are wrong in stealing items or money not belonging to them, but they choose to ignore this justified knowledge, showing they have no value for it. Introspection is when one studies their own mental, emotional and sometimes physical processes (Woolman 2000). A great example of this is love, which is entirely emotional based. This is similar to conscience or even fine art and music, because firstly knowledge by Introspection is emotion based therefore justified knowledge is valued very little, or not at all. Secondly a lot of the time knowledge and actions by introspection contradict the justified knowledge. For example a woman is in love with a man, she is aware this man is dangerous and probably will cheat and hurt her; but because she’s in love (knowledge through introspection) she marries the man. In this example the woman has justified knowledge suggesting she shouldn’t marry the man, but she doesn’t value and contradicts this knowledge due to introspection. Even though Introspection has several similarities with the other areas, there is also something very unique. This is that the justified knowledge involved with Introspection is very different from other areas, as a lot of the time it cannot be unanimously decided upon as a lot of the knowledge is based on personal views, conscience and emotion. In conclusion the most justified knowledge is not always the most valued knowledge, even though this is the case a lot of the time (i. e. Math formulae). The knowledge we value most depends on the areas of knowledge, ways of knowing and other personal factors such as emotion; and sometimes the most justified knowledge could be contradicted and be of least value to us. Bibliography: †¢Woolman, Micheal. 2000. Ways of Knowing – An introduction to theory of knowledge. Australia. IBID press. †¢Lagemaat, Richard van de. 2005. Theory of Knowledge for the IB diploma. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Press.

Management of human resources

Management of human resources Introduction Sound recruitment and selection systems are more important than reward systems. The presence of qualified staff in business enterprises has a lot of benefits, with regard to increasing market share and growth, as well as maximizing on profits by organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management of human resources specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Innovation is a key factor to success for any businesses. It is essential that the human resource departments of all organizations pay close attention to the strategies that enhance innovation (Cohen, 2009, p. 8). This paper discusses reasons why sound recruitment and selection systems are more significant compared to reward systems. Recruitment and selection systems vs. reward systems Effective recruitment and selection of employees are instrumental to success of organizations, particularly in meeting their visions, missions, goals, and objectives (Wylie Jolly, 2013, p. 10). This can be achieved by integrating recruitment and selection systems. Poor recruitment and selection of workers can lead to increased costs (Gilmore Williams, 2012, p. 89). These costs include increasing labor turnover and lowering morale of the existing employees among other costs (Linz, 2004, p. 261). Hiring the right people for the right jobs can be a significant challenge without recruitment and selection systems (Carless, 2007, p. 155). Reward systems are not necessities in organizations, considering that there is no need of rewarding employees particularly when they perform poorly.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, the findings of survey data on recruitment and selection systems in the USA confirms that most established companies depend on these systems for improved performance or productivity (Piotrowski Armstrong, 2006, p. 489). Through interviewing HR managers of these companies, the researchers found that over 90% of 1000 organizations in the US integrate recruitment and selection systems. Most of them preferred having recruitment and selection systems over other systems including reward systems. Their simplicity also enables the management to monitor and adopt them easily through a continuous practice and experience (Gregory, Meade Thompson, 2013, p. 1950). In other words, employees must improve their workplace performance in order to be rewarded. To increase the rate of performance, human resource managers ensure that employees get trained and assigned jobs that they are good at, within their respective organizations (Hart, 2006, p. 263). As aforementioned, efficient recruitment and selection of employees helps organizations meet their strategic goals and objectives. Rewarding employees does not contribute to this achievement. The practice is an additional cost that organizations incur (Stern , 2011, p. 11). For instance, Bruce (2013) reports on Starbucks’ plan for its employees and customers during holidays. The company’s strategy of rewarding employees and customers frequently and making holiday gifts cheaper can be pleasing to them, but it affects the company in one way or the other. It is like an additional cost that the company will incur.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management of human resources specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Howard Schultz (Starbucks CEO), the company has made that step as a positioning strategy to make customers and employees loyal to the company. It is way of making them feel that the company cares about them. I agree with him, but in the real sense, the company will incur costs. This clearly confirms that reward systems are not as important as recruitment and selection systems. It is recommendable that employees be rewarded after showing exempla ry improvements in their workplace. This should include changes that lead to higher sales, profits, and revenues. In reference to Gross and Friedman (2004), modern organizations utilize reward systems in influencing employees to support organizational culture. The authors discuss the importance of reward systems in regard to persuading, and influencing workers to support the goals and objectives of organizations (Gross Friedman, 2004, p. 10). However, the reward systems can only be more efficient in organizations, which employ the best recruitment and selection systems, than those that do not (Braddy, Meade Kroustalis, 2008, p. 2995). This confirms that recruitment and selection systems are more important in organizations than reward systems. Recruitment and selection systems enable human resource managers to examine and align employees with an organization’s culture and change (Thirty-One New Hires Come Aboard, 2008, p. 44). This enables workers to adopt and adhere to spec ifications of organizations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This helps them to focus and align their work with goals and objectives of companies (Khosla, Goonesekera, Chu, 2009, p. 1320). Rewards come after employees have shown their commitment to helping organizations achieve their visions and missions. Most of the U.S organizations value recruitment and selection systems. For instance, they use Web-based software systems to make in-house recruitment easy and friendly (Klaff, 2004, p. 78). Reward systems contribute to organizations incurring costs, but recruitment and selection systems help organizations acquire innovative staff, cut on costs and makes work efficient. Organizations also use recruitment and selection systems in attempts of developing innovations. Many organizations employ innovation strategies in their operations to gain a competitive advantage over their competitors (Shih, Huang Shyur, 2005, p. 1550). For instance, companies such as Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, Coca-Cola, and Pepsi-Cola use recruitment and selection systems to hire innovative workers (Wade, 2007, p. 10). These innovative workers contribute a lot to the success of these companies. These companies occupy large market share in their respective industries. The innovative staffs are instrumental to the companies’ high performances. For instance, Google uses recruitment and selection systems hire innovative staffs to help the company come up with creative innovations in technology. It is true that rewarding employees raises their morale in workplaces and leads to an improved workforce performance (Galanou, Georgakopoulos, Sotiropoulos Dimitris, 2011, p. 490). According to Wilson (2010), HR managers use sound reward systems to influence employees to accept transformations in organizations (Wilson, 2010, p. 91). However, this cannot compete with recruitment systems in helping organizations to become innovative. In most cases, companies reward employees who have worked for a long period, but not new employees (Parmalee, 2004, p. 11). Th erefore, it is obvious that reward schemes are not more important than recruitment and selection systems. The latter plays a significant role in making organizations innovative (Cooper Robertson, 2001, p. 184). Conclusion In conclusion, recruitment and selection systems are more important than reward systems. Sound reward systems help organizations to influence their staff to adopt organizational changes. It attracts and retains workers, as well as raises their morale in the workplace. However, the role played by recruitment and selection systems exceeds those of reward systems. For instance, it helps human resource managers to place employees in jobs that they perform best. Employees get trained and engaged in activities that correlate with the goals and objectives of organizations. Through sound recruitment and selection systems, organizations become innovative and hence gain a competitive advantage over their competitors. The recruitment and selection systems also enable human r esource managers to delegate duties to competent workers. This keeps the employees motivated and focused on meeting organizational goals and objectives. If an organization has the right people, working on the right jobs, it can easily expand in terms of growth, market share, and profits. The roles played by recruitment and selection systems are many, and more significant than those of reward schemes. List of References Braddy, P, Meade, A, Kroustalis, C 2008, Online recruiting: The effects of organizational familiarity, website usability, and website attractiveness on viewers’ impressions of organizations, Computers In Human Behavior, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 2992-3001. Bruce, H 2013, Starbucks plan for holidays: Give you a way to save, USA Today, n.d. Carless, SA 2007, Graduate recruitment and selection in Australia, International Journal of Selection Assessment, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 153-166. Cohen, E 2009, Innovative Recruiting- Targeting Passive Professionals, Power Engineerin g, 113, 10, pp. 8-10. Cooper, D, Robertson, IT 2001, Recruitment and selection: A framework for success Thomson Learning, London. Dahl, D 2009, Tapping the talent pool without drowning in resumà ©s, Inc, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 121-122. Galanou, E, Georgakopoulos, G, Sotiropoulos, I, Dimitris, V 2011, The effect of reward system on job satisfaction in an organizational chart of four hierarchical levels: a qualitative study, International Journal Of Human Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 484-519. Gilmore, S, Williams, S 2012, Human resource management, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Gregory, C, Meade, A, Thompson, L 2013, Understanding internet recruitment via signaling theory and the elaboration likelihood model, Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1949-1959. Gross, S, Friedman, H 2004, Creating an effective total reward strategy: holistic approach better supports business success, Benefits Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 7-12. Hart, KT 2006, Evaluating recruitment proce ss through Mystery Shops, Nursing Economic, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 263-267. Khosla, R, Goonesekera, T, Chu, M 2009, Separating the wheat from the chaff: An intelligent sales recruitment and benchmarking system, Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 3017-3027. Klaff, L 2004, New internal hiring systems reduce cost and boost morale, Workforce Management, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 76-79. Linz, SJ 2004, Motivating Russian workers: analysis of age and gender differences, Journal Of Socio-Economics, vol. 33, no. 3, p. 261. Parmalee, PJ 2004, Industry outlook, Aviation Week Space Technology, vol. 161, no. 7, p. 11. Piotrowski, C, Armstrong, T 2006, Current recruitment and selection practices: A national survey of fortune 1000 firms, North American Journal Of Psychology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 489-496. Shih, H, Huang, L, Shyur, H 2005, Recruitment and selection processes through an effective GDSS, Computers Mathematics With Applications, vol. 50, no. 10-12, pp. 1543-1558. Stern, GM 2011, Virtual job fairs becoming more of a reality, Workforce Management, vol. 90, no. 2, p. 11. Thirty-One new hires come aboard 2008, Music Trades, vol. 156, no. 11, pp. 44-45. Wade, D 2007, Peptides Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, Coca-Cola, and Pepsi-Cola , Wade Research Foundation Reports, 4, 1, pp. 1-16. Wilson, FM 2010, Organizational behavior and work: A critical introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Wylie, J, Jolly, A 2013, Understanding recruitment: outcomes associated with alternate methods for seed selection in respondent driven sampling, BMC Medical Research Methodology, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-11.

A Poem from Aeon Entelechy Evangelion by Earthscorpion

Many a star must have been there for you so you might feel it. A wave lifted towards you out of the past, or, as you walked past an open window, a violin gave of itself. All this was their mission. But could you handle it? Were you not always, still, distracted by expectation, as if all you experienced, like a Beloved, came near to you? (Where could you contain her, with all the vast strange thoughts in you going in and out, and often staying the night. ) But if you are yearning, then sing the lovers: for long heir notorious feelings have not been immortal enough. Those, you almost envied them, the forsaken, that you found as loving as those who were satisfied. Begin, always as new, the unattainable praising: think: the hero prolongs himself, even his falling was only a pretext for being, his latest rebirth. But lovers are taken back by exhausted Nature into herself, as if there were not the power to make them again. Have you remembered Gastara Stampa sufficiently yet, that any girl, whose lover has gone, might feel from that intenser example of love: Could I only become like her? Should not these ancient sufferings be finally fruitful for us? Isnt it time that, loving, we freed ourselves from the beloved, and, trembling, endured as the arrow endures the bow, so as to be, in its flight, something more than itself? For staying is nowhere. Voices, voices. Hear then, my heart, as only saints have heard: so that the mighty call raised them from the earth: they, though, knelt on impossibly and paid no attention: such was their listening. Not that you could withstand Gods voice: far from it. But listen to the breath, the unbroken message that creates itself from the silence. It rushes towards you now, from those youthfully dead. Whenever you entered, didnt their fate speak to you, quietly, in churches in Naples or Rome? Or else an inscription exaltedly impressed itself on you, as lately the tablet in Santa Maria Formosa. What do they will of me? That I should gently remove the semblance of injustice, that slightly, at times, hinders their spirits from a pure moving-on. It is truly strange to no longer inhabit the earth, to no longer practice customs barely acquired, not to give a meaning of human futurity to roses, and other expressly promising things: o longer to be what one was in endlessly anxious hands, and to set aside even ones own proper name like a broken plaything. Strange: not to go on wishing ones wishes. Strange to see all that was once in place, floating so loosely in space. And its hard being dead, and full of retrieval, before one gradually feels a little eternity. Though the living all make the error of drawing too sharp a distinction. Angels (they say) would often not know whether they moved among living or dead. The eternal current sweeps all the ages, within it, through both the spheres, forever, and resounds above them in both.Finally they have no more need of us, the early-departed, weaned gently from earthly things, as one outgrows the mothers mild breast. But we, needing such great secrets, for whom sadness is often the source of a blessed progress, could we exist without them? Is it a meaningless story how once, in the grieving for Linos, first music ventured to penetrate arid rigidity, so that, in startled space, which an almost godlike youth suddenly left forever, the emptiness first felt the quivering that now enraptures us, and comforts, and helps.

Chemical equations, enthalpy changes and chemical equilibrium, acid, Assignment

Chemical equations, enthalpy changes and chemical equilibrium, acid, base and pH, and chemical reactions, chirality, simple organic functional groups and their reactions - Assignment Example State which functional group(s) on Compound  B  could exhibit each of these interactions and describe the properties of each interaction. In your answer make it clear which complementary functional group would need to be present in the receptor for the interaction to occur. From the description and given function of Compound A., it is easy to tell which compound it is since only amino acids and sugars are natural chiral molecules produced in both animals and plants and beyond that, we can tell that the compound is indeed Amino acid since amino acids not sugars are used to treat Parkinson’s Disease. Ligand binding will mostly be either ionic or hydrogen bonds. However, at times, the intermolecular forces of the van der waals will be used to bind the copound to the target receptor. The carboxylic group will exhibit the hydrogen intermolecular bonds due to presence of the hydrogen molecule while the amino group will exhibit the ionic intermolecular bonds since they form the ions and could also use the van der waals at times. Draw the product of this reaction, name the new functional group produced, state the type of reaction that has occurred, name any other products of the reaction and briefly explain how you arrived at your answer. The presence of the double bond (C=C) in Compound  C  means that the molecule can exist in two different forms, identified by the prefix  cis  or  trans, depending upon the arrangement of the functional groups and hydrogen atoms around the double bond. Draw the two possible forms of Compound  C  showing the positions of the functional group and hydrogen atoms. Assign each the appropriate prefix that would distinguish one from the other and briefly explain what these prefixes indicate. Equal moles of nitric acid (HNO3) and formic acid (HCOOH) were each dissolved in equal volumes of water. State and explain which of the resulting solutions would have the higher pH.

Coursework Lesson Plan. Games Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lesson Plan. Games - Coursework Example Personal Aims: To improve how I give my teaching instructions by incloding a free speeking activity in my lesson. Anticipated problems for students: Little understanding of the type of a game i will chose for the activate stage of my lesson. Solution: Giving detailed instruction on the game and offering my students a rehearsal before the actual event. Anticipated problems for teacher: Having some of the students being afraid of speaking out their ideas and thoughts throughout the lesson. Solution: Starting with the whole class pronunciation of ideas and thought, then to the group work pronunciation of thought before coming to the individual level pronunciation. Procedure Phase Timing Interaction Showing my students some pictures on cartoons that are describing certain activities and then telling my students to come up with ideas of what is happening on those pictures, what had happened before and what is anticipate to happen after. Engage 10 Mins T-S Show the student a magazine extra ct with speech bubbles and description boxes describing the activities on each of the pictures and explain to them the difference between the speech bubbles and description boxes. ... Study 5 Mins T-S Put students into five groups and give each group a series of four pictures and require them to discuss the activities taking place in those pictures within their group and create discription boxes with the information they come up with and then select one of their members to present it to the whole class. Activate 10 Mins S-S Give the student cartoon pictures with description boxes but with no speech bubbles and tell them to give their ideas and thoughts on the communication that is taking place on those pictures. Study 5 Mins T-S Discussing with the students the different ideas and thoughts about the communication they can perceive from the pictures. Study 5 Mins T-S Putting students into five groups using a criteria different from the one previously used to ensure that each group ends up with a different set of individuals. Give this group a set of pictures with unfilled speech bubbles but with description boxes fully filled and require them to discuss among thems elves what to put in the speech bubble and after that they should choose one person to represent their discussion to the whole class Activate 10 Mins S-S Task 9 Additional Issues to Be Considered for a Writing activity Various additional issues should be considered for a writing activity of any kind. One of these issues is the planning and arrangement of thoughts. According to VanderMey et al (2012), this involves selecting a topic to write about, determining and analyzing audience, determining focus and purpose of the writing activity, generation of ideas and organizing thoughts. This issue requires the person doing the writing to apply a lot of creativity and to be very cautious and analytical. If this issue is not handled well, we can end up having a piece of writing that does

Grapes Of Wrath :: essays research papers

The Grapes of Wrath   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, is a story that takes place during America’s dreadful period of depression. Due to misunderstanding the nature of the entire situation, Steinbeck writes this novel to shine some light on the people about the great migration westward. This novel portrays the life of the Joad family who go through the harsh struggles of poverty and migration. They are forced to leave their drought stricken land in Oklahoma, hoping to find work in California, which to them is the land of opportunity, but soon they find out the horrors behind the picturesque mask. In their quest to reach the promise land, the women play a very special role in which they are distinct and contribute something to the Joad family and to the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most authoritative figure is Ma Joad. She is a very strong southern woman whom the whole family looks upon for support. Ma is a lady who is both strong mentally and physically. Her understanding is acknowledged by the rest of the family to be supreme. Of her emotional strength Tom says. “Her hazel eyes seemed to know, to accept, to welcome her position, the citadel of the family, the strong place that could not be taken.'; (95)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The family felt what Ma felt and let her emotions be in control. “And since, when a joyful thing happened, they looked to see whether joy was on her.'; (95) Because of this she kept strong. She always wants happiness for everyone in the family, that’s why she stays strong. Ma knew that if she were to weak the whole family would fall apart.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  She realizes that they have no home and that the only value and meaning in life is that which they derive from being a family. She keeps the two cars together so they will not be separated and she forces decisions to be made for the benefit of the family. She understands the inner need of each individual member. Ma is to the family as pillars are to a building; if the pillar is weak, the building will soon collapse when anything afflicts it. Even until the end the whole family eventually does fall apart, she still stays strong. It is not because of her weakness that the family falls apart, it is because she allows them to live their own lives according to the way they want to and does not restrict them.

Management Concepts

Managerial decision-making Problem avoiders Problem solvers Problem seekers Approaches to decision making Classical decision model Behavioral decision model Judgmental decision model 2. With references to decision-making theory covered in the chapter, describe the type of managerial decision-making evident in this case, and the conditions under which decisions were made. Managerial Decision Making *Problem avoidably problem solvers *Problem seekers Decision conditions: *Certain environment *Risk environment uncertain environment 3.Evaluate the decisions made in the case in relation to the classical, behavioral and Judgmental heuristics approaches to decision-making that are outlined In the chapter. Which model do you believe best describes the situation and subsequent decision-making process In this case? Justify your answer? Approaches to decision making Classical decision model Judgmental decision model Case decision *Classical decision model Problem: it was the flood that damage B risbane and PhysicsPossible alternative: Not releasing flood waters. Consequently threatened stability of dam Optimizing decision: Release of flood waters being aware of potential damage. SOOT Analysts: Strengths: *New technology *They set priorities *Manage time Weakness: Lack of communication Misunderstanding Misconduct Problem solving Crisis Opportunities: *Professional engineer *Employment Threats: Natural disaster (climate change) Damage roads and homes. Conclusion People should make wise decision to save the life's of the others.